While anaphylaxis symptoms appear suddenly and are extremely severe, anaphylaxis is a medical emergency and medical treatment should be immediate. The rapid contraction of the airway can lead to respiratory failure and respiratory arrest that, in turns, can rapidly damage the brain and other organs. So people with anaphylaxis require the immediate help of healthcare professionals.

If you give aid to a person with anaphylactic shock while awaiting medical help, lay him in supine position, loosen his collar and tight belt, etc. First aid measures for dealing with an individual suffering from anaphylaxis is to first rescue breathing via artificial respiration. This operation can be difficult because of the constricted airways, especially if there is swelling of the mouth and larynx (laryngeal oedema). This step is vital if the person stops breathing.

Epinephrine (also called adrenaline) is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis: epinephrine is a substance normally produced by our body to open the constricted airway and stimulate the heart to continue beating. Its immediate subministration may be life-saving. People who have suffered from previous episodes of anaphylaxis should carry an autoinjector of epinephrine (such as EpiPen or Twinject) that permits the immediate administration of epinephrine when needed.

In any case, epinephrine should be used as directed by your medical professional. Extradoses of epinephrine may cause tachycardia and or sometimes, a cardiac arrest: Epinephrine is a medicine which increases the heartbeat and in turn, increases the frequency and the strength of contractions.

The Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network helps people at risk of anaphylaxis with an action plan to be used in case of an anaphylactic emergency. The following is a list of recommendations for people at risk:

• follow-up with your doctor or allergist if you've had a severe reaction;
• if you've been prescribed self-injectable epinephrine (EpiPen® or Twinject®), carry it at all times.
• Educate others about your allergy. Teach them what you need to avoid the symptoms of an allergic reaction and how they can help during an emergency.
• Teach yourself and others how to use the epinephrine kit. Practice until it becomes second nature.
• Note your allergy in a visible MedicAlert® bracelet or necklace.

Download the food allergy action plan

Source:

• The National Institute of Health
• The Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network
• The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology